Basic knowledge of CPU power supply circuit (switch) - revised

describes the basic knowledge of CPU power circuit. ① single-phase power circuit structure and principle * Single-phase power circuit structure and principle *
Main PWM circuit chip CPU, MOSEFT tube, inductance, capacitance of four components. Main PWM circuit chip CPU, MOSEFT tube, inductance, capacitance of four components. MOSEFT tube which is an electronic switch (such as the image above K1, K2), but the high frequency switch, second switch from 10,000 to 15,000 times. One MOSEFT tube is an electronic switch (such as the image above K1, K2), but the high frequency switch, second switch from 10,000 to 15,000 times. Inductors and capacitors from the two roles here, save energy and filtering. Inductance and capacitance from the two roles here, save energy and filtering.

Left is closed K1, K2 off. Left is closed K1, K2 off. 12V inductor DC current to the capacitor after charging at the same time to the CPU power. 12V DC current through the inductor to the capacitor charging power supply at the same time to the CPU. Current through the inductor, because of the inductor impedance, the voltage from the inductor is not out of 12V, is slowly rising from 0V. Current through the inductor, because of the inductor impedance, the voltage from the inductor is not out of 12V, is slowly rising from 0V. CPU supply voltage will not be 12V. CPU supply voltage will not be 12V. Current through the inductor is part of the electrical energy into magnetic energy stored in the inductor. Current through the inductor is part of the electrical energy into magnetic energy stored in the inductor. Capacitor charge is also stored energy. Capacitors store electric charge also. The right is off K1, K2 closed. The right is off K1, K2 closed. 12V power supply disconnected. 12V power supply disconnected. Inductance of the original positive (+) and negative terminal connected by K2. Inductance of the original positive (+) and negative terminal connected by K2. Inductor the stored magnetic energy into electric current is released to the capacitor charging and power supply to the CPU. Inductor the stored magnetic energy into electric current is released to the capacitor charging and power supply to the CPU. Inductor into the power supply at the moment. Inductor into the power supply at the moment. Inductor provides the voltage is very low. Inductor provides the voltage is very low. Said before, K1 when closed, 12V DC through the inductor, the voltage is slowly rising from 0V. Speaking in front, K1 closes, 12V DC through inductor, the voltage is slowly rising from 0V. K1 closed so the longer the higher the supply voltage CPU. K1 closed so the longer the higher the supply voltage CPU. Control of K1 and K2 switch time can be reduced to 12V voltage for CPU voltage. K1 and K2 control the switching time can be reduced to 12V voltage for CPU voltage. Jargon called "duty." Jargon is called "duty." K1, K2 switching time is controlled by the PWM chip, PWM mean that the pulse (red) width (degrees) modulation. K1, K2 switching time is controlled by the PWM chip, PWM mean that the pulse (red) width (degrees) modulation. For control of K1, K2 (MOSEFT switch) signal is high is closed (turn), low level concerns the open (off), this high-low signal because of the time is very short, like a pulse. Because the control K1, K2 (MOSEFT switch) signal is high is closed (turn), low is related to open (off), this high-low signal because of the time is very short, like a pulse. Pulse width is the time . Pulse width is time. So called pulse width modulation. So called pulse width modulation. Pulse width modulation voltage is now the most commonly used transform technique. PWM voltage is now the most commonly used transform technique. PC's power supply is the use of pulse width modulation to convert 220V AC DC PC using a variety of low voltage. PC's power supply is the use of pulse width modulation to convert 220V AC DC PC using a variety of low voltage. K1, K2 is also the same time "closed" or both "off" of the situation? K1, K2 is also the same time "closed" or both "off" of the situation? While "off" is possible, while "closed" is absolutely inadmissible, because while "closed", 12V in positive and negative Even with the receipt, that is, "short circuit" of the power supply circuit to be burned, CPU will be burned. While "off" is possible, while "closed" is absolutely inadmissible, because while "closed", 12V positive and negative terminals are connected together, that is, "short circuit", and power supply circuit to be burned, CPU also will be destroyed. In order to prevent the emergence of K1, K2 also "closed" on-situation, K1, K2 rotation switch once, we should also have "off" time. To prevent K1, K2 also "closed" on-situation, K1, K2 rotation switch once, we should also have "off" time. While "off" time is called "dead time" because this time K1 and K2 do not work, be consumed for energy, so CPU power supply circuit of "dead time" the shorter, higher efficiency, the more energy. While "off" time is called "dead time" because this time work K1 and K2 do not be consumed for energy, so CPU power circuit "dead time" the shorter, higher efficiency, also more energy. From the above principle, we are given specifically the following 3 points: ● K1 (on MOSEFT tube, also known as "advance") and K2 (under MOSEFT tube, also called "out") is the rotation switch. From the above principle, we are given clear the following 3 points: ● K1 (on MOSEFT tube, also known as "advance") and K2 (under MOSEFT tube, also called "out") is the rotation switch. ● K1 burden light (on-time is short, long time off, to step-down), K2's heaviest burden (on-time long, the short time off to step-down), so K! usually use a a, K2 will use two, generally used to call "one into two." ● K1 burden lighter (conduction time is short, long time off, to step-down), K2's heaviest burden (on-time long, the short time off to step-down), so K! Will usually use one, K2 will use two general practices known as "one into two." ● MOSEFT tube the higher the switching frequency, output current increases, the higher power. ● MOSEFT tube the higher the switching frequency, output current increases, the higher power. Power supply circuit and power supply capacity of the first phase of the power of each power (current) is closely related with the number depending on the number of single-phase power supply capacity , depends on CPU need maximum current. First of all, the power supply capacity of power supply circuit with each phase of the power supply power (current) is closely related with the number depending on the number of single-phase power supply capacity, but also the CPU need the maximum current. such as the current Intel CPU power needs 125 amps maximum current. Such as the current Intel CPU power needs 125 amps maximum current. If you can provide 40 amps per phase, so phase 4 would be sufficient. If you can provide 40 amps per phase, then phase 4 is sufficient. If you can provide 20 amps per phase, 8 phase may be required. If you can provide 20 amps per phase, 8 phase may be required. Here Please note, "4 with enough", does not mean that the total current of 4-phase power supply is to supply current for each phase together. Note here, "4 with enough", does not mean that the total current 4-phase power supply is to supply current for each phase together. ② multi-phase power circuit structure and principles ② the structure and principles of multi-phase power supply circuit
1-4 phase PWM chip output control signals to the four driver chips, which four driver chips drive 4 groups MOSEFT turn "switch." 'H. zz! (4 y PWM chip output control signals to 1-4 with four driver chips, the four driver chips drive 4 groups MOSEFT turn "switch." Here we see how the 4-phase power supply is working, ordinary people Phase 4 is the same time will that work, the fact it is not, in fact, these "phase" is also a rotation to work, that one moment, only a "phase", and other "phase" are closed. Here we look at the 4-phase power supply is how it works, most people would think that is the same 4-phase work, the fact it is not, in fact, these "phase" is also a rotation to work, that one moment, only a " phase "work, other" phase "are resting. We look at 4-phase power supply voltage waveform. We look at four-phase supply voltage waveform.

The figure showed a 4-phase power clock cycle 4, in each cycle, each a work with only 1 / 4 cycle time in a cycle, 4 "with" job rotation. The figure showed a 4-phase power clock cycle 4, in each cycle, each a work with only 1 / 4 cycle time in a cycle, 4 "with" job rotation. Control of these "with" work time series is PWM chip. Control the "phase" work is PWM chip timing. PWM chip impulse control MOSEFT not only through the "switch", also controls the work of 4-phase power circuit timing. PWM chip impulse control MOSEFT not only through the "switch", also controls the work of 4-phase power circuit timing. Therefore, the decision is the number of power supply with PWM chip, of course, also through the driver chip or other chips with the number of expansion . Therefore, the decision is the number of power supply with PWM chip, of course, also through the driver chip or other chips with the number of extensions. Therefore, the general power to determine the number of inductors with the number is not accurate. Therefore, the number of judgments generally inductive power supply phase number is not accurate. Not the same as four-phase work, the total supply current of phase 4 is not simply to supply current for each phase together. Not the same as four-phase work, the total supply current of phase 4 is not simply to supply current for each phase together. Each with at work are charged to the capacitor, CPU actually access the main current from the capacitor. Are at work in each phase to capacitor charging, CPU actually access the main current from the capacitor. Capacitive like reservoir, the greater storage capacity, storage, more current, the stronger power supply capability. Capacitance as reservoirs, the larger storage capacity, storage, more current, the stronger power supply capability. Distinguish supply of "phase" is to see these "phase" work is the same sequence, if the same, then the same phase. Distinction between power supply "with" is to see these "phase" work is the same sequence, if the same, then the same phase. For example there are two sets of inductors and MOSEFT, if the timing is different from the work is two-phase, if the same sequence of work is one phase (fake 2 phase). For example there are two sets of inductors and MOSEFT, if the timing is different from the work is two-phase, if the same sequence of work is one phase (pseudo 2-phase). Then the power supply capacity of 40 amps for 1-phase power, can provide 125 amps of current? Then the power supply capacity of 40 amps 1-phase power supply, can provide 125 amps of current? Theory, as long as the capacitor is large enough, keep the capacitor charging power supply circuit, it is possible. In theory as long as the capacitor is large enough, keep the capacitor charging power supply circuit, it is possible. But this is super-load of work, tired, long-term supply circuit is difficult to bear the overload of work, increasing the number of power phase is increase the charge to the capacitor charger, the input to the output capacitor current is greater than the current 1-phase power supply to reduce the burden. But this is a super-load of work, tired, long-term power supply circuit is difficult to bear the overload of work, increase the power phase is to increase the number of charger to the charging capacitor, the input current to the capacitor greater than the output current to reduce a phase the burden of power. From the above principle, we are given the following 6 points clear: ● whether several phase supply, only one phase of work of a moment. From the above principle, we are given the following 6 points clear: ● whether several phase supply, only one phase of work of a moment. ● multi-phase power supply in real terms is to reduce the single-phase load, improve the ability to charge the capacitor, total current is not a simple arithmetic sum, with a few more does not mean high power capacity. ● multi-phase power supply in real terms is to reduce the single-phase load, improve the ability to charge the capacitor, the total current is not a simple arithmetic sum, with a few more does not mean high power capacity. ● Power Supply circuit has a conversion efficiency of the problem, if the conversion efficiency is not high, then a few more designs with the actual power supply capacity may not be better with fewer design. ● power supply circuit has a conversion efficiency of the problem, if the conversion efficiency is not high, then a few more designs with the actual power supply capacity may not be better with fewer design. ● Phase design makes wiring more complicated the more complex the more likely something wrong, if not properly solved will bring crosstalk effects (cross talk), affect the board's stability in extreme circumstances. ● Phase design makes wiring more complicated, the more complex the more likely something wrong, if resolved, they will bring crosstalk effects (cross talk), affect the board's stability in extreme circumstances. ● has a reliability of power supply components, then capacitance is the shortest life expectancy of components, and overall system reliability is the product of the reliability of all components, the more the reliability of components lower. ● has a reliability of power supply components, capacitor components is the shortest life expectancy, and overall system reliability is the product of the reliability of all components, the more the reliability of components lower. ● number of phases, components will be wasted too much The power supply capacity, increased manufacturing costs ● Phase, component waste too much of its power supply capacity will increase the manufacturing cost