ALL ABOUT DARLINGTON TRASISTOR.
The figure is typical of the Darlington circuit, two transistors were set extremely its characteristics, but also because there is a common-collector will not be completely saturated with.
Darlington transistor theory -Basic Electronics Tutorial
The figure is typical of the Darlington circuit, two transistors were set extremely its characteristics, but also because there is a common-collector will not be completely saturated with.
Laptop Fault finding & repair methods
1, laptop repair failure - phenomenon: no power
no response by pressing the power switch
laptop repair - major fault location: the power, the power switch, power board, board .
2, the notebook breakdown maintenance - phenomenon: Power is off after power indicator light, the display No response notebook repair - major fault location: BIOS, CPU, motherboards, graphics cards, memory, signal line.
3, laptop repair failure - phenomenon: dark screen after boot, the screen is very dark laptop repair - major fault areas: the motherboard, the signal line , pressure plate, LCD backlight tube .
no response by pressing the power switch
laptop repair - major fault location: the power, the power switch, power board, board .
2, the notebook breakdown maintenance - phenomenon: Power is off after power indicator light, the display No response notebook repair - major fault location: BIOS, CPU, motherboards, graphics cards, memory, signal line.
3, laptop repair failure - phenomenon: dark screen after boot, the screen is very dark laptop repair - major fault areas: the motherboard, the signal line , pressure plate, LCD backlight tube .
How to make hard drive faster and make the system more stable
First, the rational use of hard disk drives do what is fair use? First we need to understand the physical structure of hard disc. Partition and format the hard disk after it is the basic unit of volume, a partition is composed of a number of sectors. So what is the magnetic area? We all know that when the disk is rotating at work, it stores the information is recorded by a series of concentric circles on its surface, each concentric circle is called a track, we can see in Figure 1 track and volume of distribution (of course, this is just a sketch only, in-kind is much more dense than the figure!), many of my friends think that the red "big man" is a sector, but the correct understanding is that the small yellow as a sector.
Power-down laptop motherboard repair ideas
A system run-down: the temperature control circuit (CPU / GPU / EC / SB / IO), heat
B trigger a momentary power failure: over-current circuit (capacitor, MOS tube, IC), beginning with the burn-in method is lower than the rated voltage.
C components caused by the power-down due Weld: from signal to start (power management IC, inductor, capacitor)
D PWM Power IC: voltage with the oscilloscope waveform suspicious, to see whether over voltage or under voltage.
B trigger a momentary power failure: over-current circuit (capacitor, MOS tube, IC), beginning with the burn-in method is lower than the rated voltage.
C components caused by the power-down due Weld: from signal to start (power management IC, inductor, capacitor)
D PWM Power IC: voltage with the oscilloscope waveform suspicious, to see whether over voltage or under voltage.
IC UC3842 good or bad way to judge
POWER SUPPLY PWM IC 3842.
Among the domestic electronic equipment, power supply PWM control circuit is the most commonly used model is the integrated circuit UC3842 (or KA3842). That is because often encountered, there are also some of it was, following a brief UC3842 good or bad way to judge:
the complete replacement of the damaged peripheral components, do not install the first switch transistor (MOSFET), power-measuring 7 feet UC3842 voltage, if voltage fluctuations between 10-17V, the rest of the foot were also fluctuations of voltage, then the circuit has been start-up, UC3842 normal; if the 7 pin voltage is low, and the remaining pins or no voltage fluctuations, the UC3842 is damage.
UPS Principle
UPS (uninterrupted power supply system that is), according to its power supply, can be divided into two kinds of line-and back-up. Online UPS with back-up control lines than the complicated and expensive, commonly used in more important areas. -> This is mainly about small back-up UPS power.
The PC is generally used small 500W ~ 1000W UPS. When the electricity is interrupted by the UPS power supply 5 to 10 minutes and sound an alarm to alert users to quickly handle the work in the archive after the normal exit, so that the information from destruction. Its working principle is this: When the electricity is normal, the UPS internal rectifier, regulator, filter, 110V output voltage directly, and float inside the battery charge, battery and inverter and other devices are in standby state; when electricity is interrupted, battery charge state to discharge by the state, state of the various components in the inverter, the inverter and 110V output voltage booster treatment for use.SMD chip resistor labeling method
1. E-24 labeling method
E-24 labeling method has two significant figures, accuracy ± 2% (-G), ± 5% (-J), ± 10% (-K)
(1) popular resistance marked
XXY XX representatives base, Y is index
for example,
470 = 47Ω
10kΩ 103 =
224 = 220kΩ
(2) less than 10 ohms of resistance marked
E-24 labeling method has two significant figures, accuracy ± 2% (-G), ± 5% (-J), ± 10% (-K)
(1) popular resistance marked
XXY XX representatives base, Y is index
for example,
470 = 47Ω
10kΩ 103 =
224 = 220kΩ
(2) less than 10 ohms of resistance marked
BIOS Error Messages
1.CMOS battery failed
Explanation: This shows that the CMOS battery is almost dead, as long as the replacement of the battery.
2.CMOS check sum error-Defaults loaded
Explanation: Generally speaking, this statement is that the battery appears dead soon, you can first try another battery, if the problem is not resolved, then illustrate CMOS RAM may be a problem, if not over a year to the dealer for a board, let the dealer over a year and returned to the manufacturer repair yourself!
Explanation: This shows that the CMOS battery is almost dead, as long as the replacement of the battery.
2.CMOS check sum error-Defaults loaded
Explanation: Generally speaking, this statement is that the battery appears dead soon, you can first try another battery, if the problem is not resolved, then illustrate CMOS RAM may be a problem, if not over a year to the dealer for a board, let the dealer over a year and returned to the manufacturer repair yourself!
IDE, SATA, SATA II
In-depth understanding of the new standard before it is necessary to review existing technology. For a long time, hard disk technology, are focused on two aspects of transmission speed and capacity. Basically, since the knowledge of computer, we have been in use Ultra ATA. This extension of the long-interface technology, there are better ways become obsolete and need to improve:
We all know that the data cable is too thick, the installation is not convenient, seriously affected the air circulation inside the chassis, the chassis is not conducive to heat, is the traditional IDE interface, Ultra ATA hard drive to the shortcomings of life. However, IDE hard disk, there are many other limitations, probably not many people are clear.
BIOS alarm Or BIOS Beep Codes
BIOS BEEP CODES DETAILS.
AWARD BIOS ringing the general meaning is:1 short: System start. This is what we hear every day, and also shows the machine without any problem.
2 short: General error, please enter the CMOS Setup, reset the incorrect options.
1 long 1 short: RAM or motherboard error. Memory for a try, if it does not work, had to replace the motherboard.
1 long 2 short: Monitor or display card error.
1 long 3 short: Keyboard controller error. Check the motherboard.
1 long 9 short: board Flash RAM or EPROM error, BIOS damage. Flash RAM to try for the block.
Continuous ring (long sound): memory is not seated or damaged. Re-insert the memory, if it does not work, only the replacement of a memory.
Kept sound: power supply, display and graphics card connected. Check all the plugs.
Repeating short beeps: Power problems.
No sound no display: power problems.
AMI BIOS ringing the general meaning is:
1 a short sound, memory refresh failure. Memory is seriously damaged, probably have to replace the memory is not.
(2) 2 short beeps, memory parity errors. Can enter the CMOS settings, the option to turn off the memory Parity parity, that is set to Disabled. But in general, there is parity memory and CMOS settings to open in parity, the stability of this computer system is good.
3 three short beeps, the system base memory (1st 64Kb) check failed. Replace the memory bar.
4 four short blasts, the system clock error. Repair or replace the motherboard.
5 five short beeps, CPU error. But not necessarily all the fault of the CPU itself, it could be where the CPU socket or other problem, if the CPU on the motherboard in the other normal, it is certainly wrong is that the motherboard.
6 six short sound, the keyboard controller error. If the keyboard is not plugged in, it easy to handle, plug in the line; if the keyboard is connected properly but there is an error, you may wish to try for a good keyboard; or is the keyboard control chip or the relevant parts of a problem.
7 seven short blasts, the system real-mode error, can not switch to protected mode. This is also part of the motherboard's fault.
8 eight short sound, memory read / write errors. Stored on the chip card may be damaged. If the film is removable storage, simply find and replace a bad chip on the line, or need of repair or replacement card.
9 nine short blasts, ROM BIOS check error. For the block to try the same type of good BIOS, BIOS if that problem,
You can override even the hot way to try to restore.
10 ten short sound, register read / write errors. Only repair or replace the motherboard.
11-Eleven short sound cache errors.
12. If he heard no beep rings do not see the screen display, should first check the power is connected, often easy to neglect in maintenance, not connected to the motherboard power on the boot test. Second is not too small to see what parts inserted,
Such as CPU, memory and so on. Again, unplug all the cards in question, leaving only the graphics card to try. Finally, on the motherboard to find clear (clear) CMOS jumper set to clear CMOS settings, let the BIOS back to factory state. If the monitor or video card and connection, no problems, CPU and memory, no problem, after these steps, the computer still does not show in the boot or ring tones, it can only be the motherboard problem.
POENIX the BIOS alarm sound (the previous owner, there are many POENIX, and can now be acquired AWARD)
1 short System boots
1 short 1 short 1 short power system failed to initialize
1 short 1 short 2 short board error
1 Short 1 Short 3 Short CMOS or battery failure
4 short 1 short 1 short ROM BIOS checksum error
Short 1 short 1 short 2 system clock error
1 Short 2 Short 2 Short DMA initialization failure
1 short 2 short 3 short DMA page register error
1 Short 1 Short 3 Short RAM refresh error
1 short 2 short 3 short Base memory error
1 Short 3 Short 3 short Base memory error
Short 1 short 1 short 4 base memory address line error
1 Short 2 Short 4 Short basic memory parity error
1 Short 3 Short 4 Short EISA Timing Error
4 4 1 short short short EISA NMI port error
1 short 1 short 2 short before the 64K base memory error
3 short 1 short 1 short DMA registers error
3 short 1 short 2 short-Master DMA register error
Short 1 Short 3 Short 3 main interrupt register error
3 short-1 short-4 short-register from the interrupt handling errors
3 Short 2 Short 4 short Keyboard controller error
Short 1 Short 3 Short 3 main interrupt register error
Short 1 Short 3 Short 3 main interrupt register error
Short 2 Short 3 Short 4 error
3 Short 3 Short 4 Short clock error
2 Short 2 Short 4 Short off error
2 Short 3 Short 4 Short gate A20 error
4 Short 2 Short 4 Short protected mode interrupt error
1 Short 3 Short 4 Short memory error
3 short short short 4 3 2 clock error
4 Short 3 Short 4 Short clock error
4 Short 4 Short 1 short serial port error
Short 2 Short 4 Short 4 parallel port error
4 Short 4 Short 3 short numeric coprocessor error
3G Definition
The so-called 3G, in fact, it's all called the 3rd Generation, Chinese meaning is the third generation digital communications. In 1995 came the first generation analogue phones (1G) can only make voice calls; appeared in 1996 and 1997 the second generation GSM, TDMA digital standards such as mobile phones (2G) will increase the receive data, such as receiving e-mail or web ; third generation and two generations before the main difference is in the voice and data transmission speed of the upgrade,
Laptop computer passwords removal
Laptop is best not to readily set a password, power-on password as the laptop did not like the PC can be stored in the CMOS circuit through the discharge cleared, newer notebooks are now the password stored in the logic circuit board of a few the individual is unable to break.
But for the older model laptop, you can try the following method may be able to lift the notebook's power-on password.
First, change the machine's hardware configuration, such as the hard drive to take down, then restart the Setup program will automatically enter and remove power-on password. Second, try to find a chip on the motherboard, this chip commonly known as 818 chips, is generally "MC146818" 24-pin, 12 feet short and 24 feet a second, or find a marked "MC14069" chip, its 14 feet short of the ground, and maybe you can achieve the purpose of clearing the password.
Story Behind CD Drive And Dvd Drive
A: CD Burning knowledge
In 1978, PHILIPS and SONY companies are committed to producing the popular audio CD, then PHILIPS has developed commercial laser disc player, and digital recording of SONY has engaged in 10 years. They reach a single audio technology on the development agreement before the two companies are preparing to conduct a business war, their introduction may be incompatible audio compact disc format. In 1982, the two companies announced a standard, including records, sampling, especially now with the 4.72 / "format specification (this size was chosen because it can store about 70 minutes of complete Beethoven's Ninth Symphony )
In 1978, PHILIPS and SONY companies are committed to producing the popular audio CD, then PHILIPS has developed commercial laser disc player, and digital recording of SONY has engaged in 10 years. They reach a single audio technology on the development agreement before the two companies are preparing to conduct a business war, their introduction may be incompatible audio compact disc format. In 1982, the two companies announced a standard, including records, sampling, especially now with the 4.72 / "format specification (this size was chosen because it can store about 70 minutes of complete Beethoven's Ninth Symphony )
What is HD Audio
HD Audio is High Definition Audio, meaning high-fidelity audio.
As the IT industry's first widely specification, AC'97 in the face of the new DVD-Audio, SACD multi-channel high quality music encoding a bit old, although the three big upgrade but still appears to heart more than the weak.
In order to change this situation, April 15, 2004, Intel and other global companies a more than 80 developed a new standard, code-named Azalia, standards were introduced shortly after the renamed HD Audio.
HD Audio with high flexibility, mobility, low cost, high stability characteristics, and allow ample space for the upgrade, all will be able to make it spread rapidly.
Contrast AC'97 HD Audio
Hard disk repair Topics
Hard disk repair Topics (Lecture)
Hard basic knowledge
Hard drive failure in the study of the specific approach, we need to first understand some of the basics of hard drive related.
MBR master boot record area
Touch Screen repair(with pictures)
Touch Screen use of 4-wire resistance screen, four lines are: X1, X2, Y1, Y2
X1, X2 in the horizontal direction for a change in the resistance, Y1, Y2 for the longitudinal resistivity.
How do you know which line is a two x1 x2 y1 y2? Touch panel along the four lines above are facing their own look at the screen from top to bottom in the line is about on both sides of the x1 x2 is y1 y2. Established phone touch screens measuring four points of the voltage. Two 2.7V and two 0v . two voltage are measured after boot. 2.7 v is y. X is not the voltage.
After corresponding with xy can generally be connected. If the touch panel screen and click position opposite or reverse. Swap contrast x-y reversed. Touch Screen IC 4182A and MT6301 same. See X- X+ Y+ Y- reference my picture jumper.
X1, X2 in the horizontal direction for a change in the resistance, Y1, Y2 for the longitudinal resistivity.
How do you know which line is a two x1 x2 y1 y2? Touch panel along the four lines above are facing their own look at the screen from top to bottom in the line is about on both sides of the x1 x2 is y1 y2. Established phone touch screens measuring four points of the voltage. Two 2.7V and two 0v . two voltage are measured after boot. 2.7 v is y. X is not the voltage.
After corresponding with xy can generally be connected. If the touch panel screen and click position opposite or reverse. Swap contrast x-y reversed. Touch Screen IC 4182A and MT6301 same. See X- X+ Y+ Y- reference my picture jumper.
LCD: The standard connection on the LCD screen
LCD has two basic connection types are D-Sub and DVI.
D-Sub (D-Subminature) connection type used from the basic analog CRT monitor.
oscillator IC3842 Pin Details
ALL ABOUT IC 3842
IC oscillators are widely used in power Monitor IC is a very simple circuit and low price, you can use this IC to install flash, which will help you easily understand source Monitor more.
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Darlington transistor theory -Basic Electronics Tutorial
ALL ABOUT DARLINGTON TRASISTOR.
The figure is typical of the Darlington circuit, two transistors were set extremely its characteristics, but also because there is a common-collector will not be completely saturated with.
Laptop Fault finding & repair methods
1, laptop repair failure - phenomenon: no power
no response by pressing the power switch
laptop repair - major fault location: the power, the power switch, power board, board .
2, the notebook breakdown maintenance - phenomenon: Power is off after power indicator light, the display No response notebook repair - major fault location: BIOS, CPU, motherboards, graphics cards, memory, signal line.
3, laptop repair failure - phenomenon: dark screen after boot, the screen is very dark laptop repair - major fault areas: the motherboard, the signal line , pressure plate, LCD backlight tube .
no response by pressing the power switch
laptop repair - major fault location: the power, the power switch, power board, board .
2, the notebook breakdown maintenance - phenomenon: Power is off after power indicator light, the display No response notebook repair - major fault location: BIOS, CPU, motherboards, graphics cards, memory, signal line.
3, laptop repair failure - phenomenon: dark screen after boot, the screen is very dark laptop repair - major fault areas: the motherboard, the signal line , pressure plate, LCD backlight tube .
How to make hard drive faster and make the system more stable
First, the rational use of hard disk drives do what is fair use? First we need to understand the physical structure of hard disc. Partition and format the hard disk after it is the basic unit of volume, a partition is composed of a number of sectors. So what is the magnetic area? We all know that when the disk is rotating at work, it stores the information is recorded by a series of concentric circles on its surface, each concentric circle is called a track, we can see in Figure 1 track and volume of distribution (of course, this is just a sketch only, in-kind is much more dense than the figure!), many of my friends think that the red "big man" is a sector, but the correct understanding is that the small yellow as a sector.
Power-down laptop motherboard repair ideas
A system run-down: the temperature control circuit (CPU / GPU / EC / SB / IO), heat
B trigger a momentary power failure: over-current circuit (capacitor, MOS tube, IC), beginning with the burn-in method is lower than the rated voltage.
C components caused by the power-down due Weld: from signal to start (power management IC, inductor, capacitor)
D PWM Power IC: voltage with the oscilloscope waveform suspicious, to see whether over voltage or under voltage.
B trigger a momentary power failure: over-current circuit (capacitor, MOS tube, IC), beginning with the burn-in method is lower than the rated voltage.
C components caused by the power-down due Weld: from signal to start (power management IC, inductor, capacitor)
D PWM Power IC: voltage with the oscilloscope waveform suspicious, to see whether over voltage or under voltage.
IC UC3842 good or bad way to judge
POWER SUPPLY PWM IC 3842.
Among the domestic electronic equipment, power supply PWM control circuit is the most commonly used model is the integrated circuit UC3842 (or KA3842). That is because often encountered, there are also some of it was, following a brief UC3842 good or bad way to judge:
the complete replacement of the damaged peripheral components, do not install the first switch transistor (MOSFET), power-measuring 7 feet UC3842 voltage, if voltage fluctuations between 10-17V, the rest of the foot were also fluctuations of voltage, then the circuit has been start-up, UC3842 normal; if the 7 pin voltage is low, and the remaining pins or no voltage fluctuations, the UC3842 is damage.
UPS Principle
UPS (uninterrupted power supply system that is), according to its power supply, can be divided into two kinds of line-and back-up. Online UPS with back-up control lines than the complicated and expensive, commonly used in more important areas. -> This is mainly about small back-up UPS power.
The PC is generally used small 500W ~ 1000W UPS. When the electricity is interrupted by the UPS power supply 5 to 10 minutes and sound an alarm to alert users to quickly handle the work in the archive after the normal exit, so that the information from destruction. Its working principle is this: When the electricity is normal, the UPS internal rectifier, regulator, filter, 110V output voltage directly, and float inside the battery charge, battery and inverter and other devices are in standby state; when electricity is interrupted, battery charge state to discharge by the state, state of the various components in the inverter, the inverter and 110V output voltage booster treatment for use.SMD chip resistor labeling method
1. E-24 labeling method
E-24 labeling method has two significant figures, accuracy ± 2% (-G), ± 5% (-J), ± 10% (-K)
(1) popular resistance marked
XXY XX representatives base, Y is index
for example,
470 = 47Ω
10kΩ 103 =
224 = 220kΩ
(2) less than 10 ohms of resistance marked
E-24 labeling method has two significant figures, accuracy ± 2% (-G), ± 5% (-J), ± 10% (-K)
(1) popular resistance marked
XXY XX representatives base, Y is index
for example,
470 = 47Ω
10kΩ 103 =
224 = 220kΩ
(2) less than 10 ohms of resistance marked
BIOS Error Messages
1.CMOS battery failed
Explanation: This shows that the CMOS battery is almost dead, as long as the replacement of the battery.
2.CMOS check sum error-Defaults loaded
Explanation: Generally speaking, this statement is that the battery appears dead soon, you can first try another battery, if the problem is not resolved, then illustrate CMOS RAM may be a problem, if not over a year to the dealer for a board, let the dealer over a year and returned to the manufacturer repair yourself!
Explanation: This shows that the CMOS battery is almost dead, as long as the replacement of the battery.
2.CMOS check sum error-Defaults loaded
Explanation: Generally speaking, this statement is that the battery appears dead soon, you can first try another battery, if the problem is not resolved, then illustrate CMOS RAM may be a problem, if not over a year to the dealer for a board, let the dealer over a year and returned to the manufacturer repair yourself!
IDE, SATA, SATA II
In-depth understanding of the new standard before it is necessary to review existing technology. For a long time, hard disk technology, are focused on two aspects of transmission speed and capacity. Basically, since the knowledge of computer, we have been in use Ultra ATA. This extension of the long-interface technology, there are better ways become obsolete and need to improve:
We all know that the data cable is too thick, the installation is not convenient, seriously affected the air circulation inside the chassis, the chassis is not conducive to heat, is the traditional IDE interface, Ultra ATA hard drive to the shortcomings of life. However, IDE hard disk, there are many other limitations, probably not many people are clear.
BIOS alarm Or BIOS Beep Codes
BIOS BEEP CODES DETAILS.
AWARD BIOS ringing the general meaning is:1 short: System start. This is what we hear every day, and also shows the machine without any problem.
2 short: General error, please enter the CMOS Setup, reset the incorrect options.
1 long 1 short: RAM or motherboard error. Memory for a try, if it does not work, had to replace the motherboard.
1 long 2 short: Monitor or display card error.
1 long 3 short: Keyboard controller error. Check the motherboard.
1 long 9 short: board Flash RAM or EPROM error, BIOS damage. Flash RAM to try for the block.
Continuous ring (long sound): memory is not seated or damaged. Re-insert the memory, if it does not work, only the replacement of a memory.
Kept sound: power supply, display and graphics card connected. Check all the plugs.
Repeating short beeps: Power problems.
No sound no display: power problems.
AMI BIOS ringing the general meaning is:
1 a short sound, memory refresh failure. Memory is seriously damaged, probably have to replace the memory is not.
(2) 2 short beeps, memory parity errors. Can enter the CMOS settings, the option to turn off the memory Parity parity, that is set to Disabled. But in general, there is parity memory and CMOS settings to open in parity, the stability of this computer system is good.
3 three short beeps, the system base memory (1st 64Kb) check failed. Replace the memory bar.
4 four short blasts, the system clock error. Repair or replace the motherboard.
5 five short beeps, CPU error. But not necessarily all the fault of the CPU itself, it could be where the CPU socket or other problem, if the CPU on the motherboard in the other normal, it is certainly wrong is that the motherboard.
6 six short sound, the keyboard controller error. If the keyboard is not plugged in, it easy to handle, plug in the line; if the keyboard is connected properly but there is an error, you may wish to try for a good keyboard; or is the keyboard control chip or the relevant parts of a problem.
7 seven short blasts, the system real-mode error, can not switch to protected mode. This is also part of the motherboard's fault.
8 eight short sound, memory read / write errors. Stored on the chip card may be damaged. If the film is removable storage, simply find and replace a bad chip on the line, or need of repair or replacement card.
9 nine short blasts, ROM BIOS check error. For the block to try the same type of good BIOS, BIOS if that problem,
You can override even the hot way to try to restore.
10 ten short sound, register read / write errors. Only repair or replace the motherboard.
11-Eleven short sound cache errors.
12. If he heard no beep rings do not see the screen display, should first check the power is connected, often easy to neglect in maintenance, not connected to the motherboard power on the boot test. Second is not too small to see what parts inserted,
Such as CPU, memory and so on. Again, unplug all the cards in question, leaving only the graphics card to try. Finally, on the motherboard to find clear (clear) CMOS jumper set to clear CMOS settings, let the BIOS back to factory state. If the monitor or video card and connection, no problems, CPU and memory, no problem, after these steps, the computer still does not show in the boot or ring tones, it can only be the motherboard problem.
POENIX the BIOS alarm sound (the previous owner, there are many POENIX, and can now be acquired AWARD)
1 short System boots
1 short 1 short 1 short power system failed to initialize
1 short 1 short 2 short board error
1 Short 1 Short 3 Short CMOS or battery failure
4 short 1 short 1 short ROM BIOS checksum error
Short 1 short 1 short 2 system clock error
1 Short 2 Short 2 Short DMA initialization failure
1 short 2 short 3 short DMA page register error
1 Short 1 Short 3 Short RAM refresh error
1 short 2 short 3 short Base memory error
1 Short 3 Short 3 short Base memory error
Short 1 short 1 short 4 base memory address line error
1 Short 2 Short 4 Short basic memory parity error
1 Short 3 Short 4 Short EISA Timing Error
4 4 1 short short short EISA NMI port error
1 short 1 short 2 short before the 64K base memory error
3 short 1 short 1 short DMA registers error
3 short 1 short 2 short-Master DMA register error
Short 1 Short 3 Short 3 main interrupt register error
3 short-1 short-4 short-register from the interrupt handling errors
3 Short 2 Short 4 short Keyboard controller error
Short 1 Short 3 Short 3 main interrupt register error
Short 1 Short 3 Short 3 main interrupt register error
Short 2 Short 3 Short 4 error
3 Short 3 Short 4 Short clock error
2 Short 2 Short 4 Short off error
2 Short 3 Short 4 Short gate A20 error
4 Short 2 Short 4 Short protected mode interrupt error
1 Short 3 Short 4 Short memory error
3 short short short 4 3 2 clock error
4 Short 3 Short 4 Short clock error
4 Short 4 Short 1 short serial port error
Short 2 Short 4 Short 4 parallel port error
4 Short 4 Short 3 short numeric coprocessor error
3G Definition
The so-called 3G, in fact, it's all called the 3rd Generation, Chinese meaning is the third generation digital communications. In 1995 came the first generation analogue phones (1G) can only make voice calls; appeared in 1996 and 1997 the second generation GSM, TDMA digital standards such as mobile phones (2G) will increase the receive data, such as receiving e-mail or web ; third generation and two generations before the main difference is in the voice and data transmission speed of the upgrade,
Laptop computer passwords removal
Laptop is best not to readily set a password, power-on password as the laptop did not like the PC can be stored in the CMOS circuit through the discharge cleared, newer notebooks are now the password stored in the logic circuit board of a few the individual is unable to break.
But for the older model laptop, you can try the following method may be able to lift the notebook's power-on password.
First, change the machine's hardware configuration, such as the hard drive to take down, then restart the Setup program will automatically enter and remove power-on password. Second, try to find a chip on the motherboard, this chip commonly known as 818 chips, is generally "MC146818" 24-pin, 12 feet short and 24 feet a second, or find a marked "MC14069" chip, its 14 feet short of the ground, and maybe you can achieve the purpose of clearing the password.
Story Behind CD Drive And Dvd Drive
A: CD Burning knowledge
In 1978, PHILIPS and SONY companies are committed to producing the popular audio CD, then PHILIPS has developed commercial laser disc player, and digital recording of SONY has engaged in 10 years. They reach a single audio technology on the development agreement before the two companies are preparing to conduct a business war, their introduction may be incompatible audio compact disc format. In 1982, the two companies announced a standard, including records, sampling, especially now with the 4.72 / "format specification (this size was chosen because it can store about 70 minutes of complete Beethoven's Ninth Symphony )
In 1978, PHILIPS and SONY companies are committed to producing the popular audio CD, then PHILIPS has developed commercial laser disc player, and digital recording of SONY has engaged in 10 years. They reach a single audio technology on the development agreement before the two companies are preparing to conduct a business war, their introduction may be incompatible audio compact disc format. In 1982, the two companies announced a standard, including records, sampling, especially now with the 4.72 / "format specification (this size was chosen because it can store about 70 minutes of complete Beethoven's Ninth Symphony )
What is HD Audio
HD Audio is High Definition Audio, meaning high-fidelity audio.
As the IT industry's first widely specification, AC'97 in the face of the new DVD-Audio, SACD multi-channel high quality music encoding a bit old, although the three big upgrade but still appears to heart more than the weak.
In order to change this situation, April 15, 2004, Intel and other global companies a more than 80 developed a new standard, code-named Azalia, standards were introduced shortly after the renamed HD Audio.
HD Audio with high flexibility, mobility, low cost, high stability characteristics, and allow ample space for the upgrade, all will be able to make it spread rapidly.
Contrast AC'97 HD Audio
Hard disk repair Topics
Hard disk repair Topics (Lecture)
Hard basic knowledge
Hard drive failure in the study of the specific approach, we need to first understand some of the basics of hard drive related.
MBR master boot record area
Touch Screen repair(with pictures)
Touch Screen use of 4-wire resistance screen, four lines are: X1, X2, Y1, Y2
X1, X2 in the horizontal direction for a change in the resistance, Y1, Y2 for the longitudinal resistivity.
How do you know which line is a two x1 x2 y1 y2? Touch panel along the four lines above are facing their own look at the screen from top to bottom in the line is about on both sides of the x1 x2 is y1 y2. Established phone touch screens measuring four points of the voltage. Two 2.7V and two 0v . two voltage are measured after boot. 2.7 v is y. X is not the voltage.
After corresponding with xy can generally be connected. If the touch panel screen and click position opposite or reverse. Swap contrast x-y reversed. Touch Screen IC 4182A and MT6301 same. See X- X+ Y+ Y- reference my picture jumper.
X1, X2 in the horizontal direction for a change in the resistance, Y1, Y2 for the longitudinal resistivity.
How do you know which line is a two x1 x2 y1 y2? Touch panel along the four lines above are facing their own look at the screen from top to bottom in the line is about on both sides of the x1 x2 is y1 y2. Established phone touch screens measuring four points of the voltage. Two 2.7V and two 0v . two voltage are measured after boot. 2.7 v is y. X is not the voltage.
After corresponding with xy can generally be connected. If the touch panel screen and click position opposite or reverse. Swap contrast x-y reversed. Touch Screen IC 4182A and MT6301 same. See X- X+ Y+ Y- reference my picture jumper.
LCD: The standard connection on the LCD screen
LCD has two basic connection types are D-Sub and DVI.
D-Sub (D-Subminature) connection type used from the basic analog CRT monitor.
oscillator IC3842 Pin Details
ALL ABOUT IC 3842
IC oscillators are widely used in power Monitor IC is a very simple circuit and low price, you can use this IC to install flash, which will help you easily understand source Monitor more.
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